Trigger Finger (Stenosing Tenosynovitis)
Trigger finger is a condition where a finger or thumb gets stuck in a bent position and may suddenly snap straight, like pulling and releasing a trigger. It occurs due to inflammation and thickening of the tendon sheath, making it difficult for the tendon to glide smoothly.
Symptoms:
- Finger stiffness, especially in the morning.
- Popping or clicking sensation when moving the finger.
- Finger locking in a bent position and suddenly snapping straight.
- Pain or tenderness at the base of the affected finger.
- A lump (nodule) at the base of the finger in severe cases.
Commonly Affected Fingers:
- Ring finger, middle finger, thumb (trigger thumb).
- Can affect one or multiple fingers, sometimes in both hands.
Causes & Risk Factors:
- Repetitive hand movements (gripping, typing, using tools).
- Medical conditions (diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, gout).
- Prolonged gripping (e.g., musicians, construction workers).
- More common in women and people over 40.
Diagnosis:
- Physical exam (checking for clicking, locking, swelling).
- No imaging (X-ray or MRI) is usually needed unless other conditions are suspected.
Treatment Options:
Non-Surgical Treatments:
- Rest & Activity Modification – Avoid repetitive gripping or forceful hand movements.
- Splinting – Keeps the finger straight to reduce irritation.
- Anti-inflammatory Medications – NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen) for pain relief.
- Corticosteroid Injection – Reduces inflammation and can provide long-term relief.
- Stretching Exercises – Improves flexibility and reduces stiffness.
Surgical Treatment (for severe cases):
- Trigger Finger Release Surgery:
- A small incision is made to release the tendon sheath.
- Usually performed under local anesthesia.
- Quick recovery with minimal downtime.
Prevention & Self-Care:
- Take breaks from repetitive hand activities.
- Use ergonomic tools to reduce hand strain.
- Stretch and massage the fingers regularly.
- Apply heat or ice to reduce pain and swelling.